When Growth Hurts - "The Double Watershed" | Artes Mechanicae, Ep. 16

Austin introduces the concept of "The Double Watershed." This was discussed by Ivan Illich in his book Tools for Conviviality (1973). He illustrates how industrial innovations like those found in medicine, school, and transportation have an initial phase that is seen as beneficial to society, but it is often followed by a phase that brings more damage than good.